Dissecting Cellulitis of the Scalp
Dissecting cellulitis is an uncommon condition that mainly affects African American adult males. It is one of the occlusion triad, along with hidradenitis suppurativa and acne conglobata. Most patients with dissecting cellulitis do not have the other two conditions in the triad. The disease presents as boggy inflammatory nodules that coalesce with subsequent sinus tract formation usually on the crown and vertex scalp.
Old inactive disease is characterized by areas of scarring alopecia with fibrotic ridges, sinus tracts and comedo formation. Patients complain of drainage of active nodules and the eventual scarring hair loss that occurs. Scalp biopsy in dissecting cellulitis demonstrates deep inflammation (primarily in the subcutis) consisting of lymphocytes, neutrophils and plasma cells. The initial hair loss is a telogen effluvium caused by the massive inflammation. With time the inflammation involves the dermis, including the follicles which are eventually destroyed. Old lesions reveal dermal fibrosis, scarring alopecia and epithelial-lined sinus tracts.
|