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Sexually transmitted infections

Genital Herpes Simplex Introduction STD

Introduction Genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is primarily a disease of young adults. It is a recurrent, life-long infection. There are two serotypes: HSV-1 and HSV-2. Most genital cases are caused by HSV-2. At least 50 million persons in the United States have genital HSV infection. Sexual encounters are often delayed or avoided for fear of acquiring or transmitting the disease. The psychologic implications are obvious. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2 is not an etiologic factor in cervical cancer as was once suspected.

Most persons infected with HSV-2 have not been diagnosed. Many have mild or unrecognized infections but shed virus intermittently in the genital tract. Most genital herpes infections are transmitted by persons unaware that they have the infection or who are asymptomatic when transmission occurred. The first-episode genital infection may be severe. Herpes simplex infection of the penis, vulva, and rectum is pathophysiologically identical to herpes infection in other areas.

Prevalence From 1988 to 1994, the seroprevalence of HSV-2 in persons 12 years of age or older in the United States was 21.9 percent, corresponding to 45 million infected people. HSV-2 is now detectable in one of five persons 12 years of age or older in the United States.