• Alopecia
• Acniform eruptions
• Benign tumors
• Bullous diseases
• Dermoscopy
• Nevi, melanoma
• Nonmelanoma cancer
• Psoriasis and others
• Stds
• Vascular tumors
• Vulvar disease

• Vascular birthmarks
• Introduction to Vascular Birthmarks
• Birthmark Approach to the Newborn
• Hemangiomas of infancy
• Birthmark Hemangiomas of Infancy Introduction
• Birthmark Causes of Hemangiomas of Infancy
• Birthmark Complications of Hemangiomas of Infancy
• Birthmark Hemangiomas Differential Diagnosis
• Birthmark Hemangiomas Associated Syndromes
• Birthmark Hemangiomas of Infancy Treatment
• Birthmark Examples of Hemangiomas of Infancy
• Vascular malformations
• Introduction to Vascular Malformations
• Vascular Stains
• Capillary Malformations
• Venous Malformations
• Arterial malformations
• Lymphatic malformations
• Cutis Marmorata Telangiectatica Congenita
• Pathogenesis of Vascular Anomalies
• Treatment of Vascular Malformations
• Examples of Vascular Malformations

Pathogenesis of Vascular Anomalies

The development of blood vessels involves two main embryological processes: the development of a vascular plexus (vasculogenesis) and the sprouting of new blood vessels (angiogenesis). Vascular anomalies are due to defects in these underlying processes. Current research is attempting to understand the molecular mechanisms controlling vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. For example, familial venous malformations have been linked to a mutation in VMCM, which is a gene encoding an endothelial cell-specific tyrosine kinase.