logo
Home | Browse Categories | Contact Us | Links


Topics


Sexually transmitted infections

Secondary Syphilis STD

Introduction

Secondary syphilis is characterized by mucocutaneous lesions, a flulike syndrome, and generalized adenopathy. Secondary syphilis results from dissemination of the spirochete to all organs and ends when the patient mounts a successful immune response. It begins approximately 2 to 8 weeks after the appearance of a chancre. The primary chancre may still be present. The are numerous manifestations of secondary syphilis. Cutaneous lesions are preceded by a flulike syndrome with sore throat, headache, muscle aches, meningismus, and loss of appetite and generalized, painless lymphadenopathy. Hepatosplenomegaly may be present.

Skin lesions

All cutaneous lesions of secondary syphilis are infectious; therefore, if you don't know what it is, don't touch it. Lesions are noninflammatory, develop slowly, and may persist for weeks or months. Eruptions may be limited and discrete, profuse, generalized, or more or less confluent and may vary in intensity. Pain or itching is minimal or absent. As with chickenpox there is a marked tendency to polymorphism, with various types of lesions presenting simultaneously. Lesion first appear on the trunk and proximal extremities and then may spread to involve any skin surface. Lesions occur on the palms or soles in most patients. Unlike the pigmented melanotic macules frequently seen on the palms and soles of older blacks, lesions of secondary syphilis of the palms and soles are isolated, oval, slightly raised, erythematous, and scaly. One should think of syphilis in patients who present with lesions on the palms and soles. The types of lesions in approximate order of frequency are maculopapular, papular, macular, annular, papulopustular, psoriasiform, and follicular. The distribution and morphologic characteristics of the skin and mucosal lesions are varied and may be confused with numerous other skin diseases. The color is characteristic, resembling a clean-cut ham or having a coppery tint or dull red color. The lesions in blacks are marked by the absence of a dull-red color. Lesions may assume a variety of shapes, including round, elliptic, or annular. As with most other systemic cutaneous diseases, the rash is usually bilaterally symmetric.

Alopecia.

Temporary irregular, patchy (moth eaten alopecia of the beard, scalp, or eyelashes may occur with inflammation of hair follicles. This is most obvious in the scalp, beard and eyebrows.

Condyloma lata.

A unique lesion called condyloma lata can occur in any intertriginous area. These form when papules coalesce and erode to produce broad based, gray-white to red, painless plaques. They are found most often in the anal area, vagina, glans penis, lips and mouth. Oral lesion are called mucous patches. These moist lesions are highly infectious.